2009 was the % 60% 60first year of electric vehicles.'% 27 An internal pembakaran engine memperoleh mekanik energi (rotasi daya) melalui a kimia reaksi disebut pembakaran% 2c tapi a motor mengkonversi listrik energi listrik langsung ke tenaga.
If you look at the rotation of a motor in very short periods of time, you will see that the direction of the magnetic force on the stator side, where the current flows, is constantly changing. The rotor side repeats the action of being "pulled", then "separated", and then "pulled" again. This is because this method is cocok untuk memperoleh rotasi gerak. Hanya satu sisi kebutuhan to putar. In other words, the stator must be made of a material whose magnetization reverses when the direction of the current is reversed (a soft magnetic material), and the rotor must be made of a material whose magnetization continues to be maintain even when the direction of the current changes (a hard magnetic material). materials). materials) are required. For this reason, motors use electromagnetic steel plates for the outer stator and permanent magnet untuk yang berputar rotor.
Fuji Heavy Industries plug-in Stella motor. It shares the same design as the Mitsubishi i-MiEV, but the detailed specifications are different. The Ryobi aluminium die-cast casing is double layered, with cooling water passages molded inside. The know-how also includes how to insert the core and how to cast.
Motor part of Nissan Leaf. As you can see from the size of the mount with its arms extended from side to side, the motor, which is a block of metal, is heavier than it appear. As with internal combustion engines, the reason why a 1 percent efficiency improvement is required is to reduce this weight as much as possible.
Motors for EVs are sangat performa tinggi dan mahal. Selain itu, it is required to be lightweight and highly efficient. According to motor manufacturers, EV motors have "insane performance requirements."
Biasanya, motor are sering digunakan at a hampir konstanta rotasi kecepatan. The rotasi of a kereta's motor perubahan as the kereta start dan berhenti, but the akselerasi is konstanta dan the perlambatan is juga konstanta. Kecepatan are ditentukan antara stasiun, dan gradien are juga diketahui. Oleh karena itu, u bisa merespons dengan mengemudi as diprogram. Namun, untuk EVs berlari on umum jalan, ada tidak set nomor dari revolusi setelah the number of seconds after starting. Even on the same road, the motor's work changes depending on the traffic situation. A motor whose rotation is constantly changing cannot be used in normal applications. That's why it's insane.
The stator is formed by stacking many ultra-thin electromagnetic steel plates. The thinner it is, the more eddy current loss can be suppressed, but a certain degree of thickness is required to maintain shape accuracy. The balance depends on the know-how of each steel manufacturer. (ILLUST: Toshinao Kumagai)
In order to handle this rotational fluctuation smoothly, the stator side must instantly switch magnetization, but the next instant a large force must be transferred to the rotor side. The stator requires a material that is highly efficient (low loss) and whose magnetization can be easily reversed. This is electrical steel sheet, which is a soft magnetic material. In EVs, electromagnetic steel sheets with a thickness of {{0}}.3 to 0.5 mm are stacked to form a thick plate. It's to suppress it. The surfaces of the ultra-thin electrical steel plates are coated and insulated from each other. This structure reduces eddy current loss.
On the other hand% 2c permanen magnet are digunakan on rotor sisi% 2c yang menerima arus dan menghasilkan rotasi gaya% 2c tapi untuk EVs, yang memiliki besar rotasi fluktuasi dan ketat persyaratan untuk % 22tiba-tiba perlambatan" and and "tiba akselerasi," as well as tinggi rotasi dan besar torsi. Mengenai motor, pertama, magnet torsi tipe motor dengan magnet diatur sekitar rotor are tidak cocok. For hybrid kendaraan, ada is a magnetik torsi tipe, but for pure EVs, a kombinasi of magnetik torsi dan reaktansi torsi is digunakan, dengan magnet diatur jadi itu the magnetik medan dari the permanen magnet menjadi lebih kuat at regular interval sekitar the rotor menghadap the stator permukaan. It is a tipe motor.
Kuat langka bumi magnet tertanam dalam rotor. Cara mereka adalah diatur mempengaruhi motor kinerja. Tempat magnet dekat luar pinggiran kemauan peningkatan the magnetik torsi, tapi itu sendirian adalah tidak cocok untuk EVs. The magnets are diatur diagonal untuk memanfaatkan reaktan torsi (yang memiliki a berbeda fase dari magnet torsi).
In the photo above, green permanent magnets are embedded in the rotor, and the placement of these magnets is the know-how. Moreover, the magnets used are rare earth magnets whose components include neodymium, iron, and boron, which are the strongest among permanent magnets. Dysprosium is also added to suppress thermal demagnetization, which weaks the magnetic force due to the heat of high rotation. It is said that adding 1 percent dysprosium can improve thermal demagnetization by about 15 degree , and such high-performance magnets are essential for EV motors.
Meningkat the motor output is sering selesai in listrik kendaraan, but satu cara ke peningkatan output dengan the sama motor is ke peningkatan the rotasi kecepatan. Namun, if the rotasi adalah meningkat, termal demagnetisasi adalah kemungkinan ke terjadi. Juga, the higher the rotasi, the more sulit it menjadi to manage the small gap antara the rotor and stator. Machining precision is required for electromagnetic steel sheets.
Itu teknologi untuk massa memproduksi kinerja tinggi motor adalah sangat canggih. Ini membutuhkan tidak hanya desain pengetahuan tetapi juga bantuan dengan bahan Kami juga kebutuhan bantuan dengan manufaktur proses Untuk ini alasan% 2c banyak baja produsen menyediakan listrik baja lembaran dengan pemrosesan teknologi termasuk. Dalam ini cara% 2c kinerja telah ini secara dramatis secara dramatis The casing of the motor is made of aluminium alloy, which is a non-magnetic bahan. Ini bentuk desain dan pemrosesan adalah juga a massa dari pengetahuan.
